Abstract
This study is performed with the aim of gaining insights into the possible applicability of the quark-hadron continuity concept, not only in the idealized case of three-flavor symmetric quark matter, but also for the transition from neutron matter to two-flavor quark matter. A key issue is the continuity between neutron superfluidity and a corresponding superfluid quark phase produced by $d$-quark pairing. Symmetry arguments are developed and relevant dynamical mechanisms are analyzed. It is pointed out that the $^3P_2$ superfluidity in dense neutron matter has a direct analogue in the $^3P_2$ pairing of $d$-quarks in two-flavor quark matter. This observation supports the idea that the quark-hadron continuity hypothesis may be valid for such systems. Possible implications for neutron stars are briefly discussed.
Highlights
This study is performed with the aim of gaining insights into the possible applicability of the quarkhadron continuity concept, in the idealized case of three-flavor symmetric quark matter, and for the transition from neutron matter to two-flavor quark matter
Two decades ago a conceptual framework for a continuous connection between hadronic and quark phases of dense matter described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD) was suggested in Ref. [1], based on the exact matching of symmetry breaking patterns and low-lying excitations in both domains
It is important to note that Uð1ÞB corresponding to baryon number conservation is spontaneously broken, so that the color-flavor locked (CFL) state can be regarded as a superfluid
Summary
Two decades ago a conceptual framework for a continuous connection between hadronic and quark phases of dense matter described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD) was suggested in Ref. [1], based on the exact matching of symmetry breaking patterns and low-lying excitations in both domains. A Ginzburg-Landau analysis shows that matter at sufficiently low temperature goes through a smooth crossover from the hadronic to the quark phase as one increases the baryon density [3]. Such a continuous crossover is realized in a three-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model [4]. Neutron pairing in the 3P2 state starts to develop and becomes the dominant pairing mechanism for nB > n0, inward bound towards the neutron star core region This realization of 3P2 superfluidity is based on the observed pattern of nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering phase shifts [25,26].
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