Abstract
Abstract: This article assesses the defeat of efforts to establish a foreign relief training program within Civilian Public Service (CPS), the alternative service system designed for conscientious objectors (COs) in the United States during World War II. I suggest that the program's defeat is best explained through the lens of home front masculinity politics: CPS's adversaries in the State Department, veterans' organizations, and the media directed gendered critiques toward CPS foreign relief efforts that questioned the masculine credentials of potential CO relief workers. At the same time, they implied that such men were undeserving of the masculine privileges that attended to dangerous relief work assignments.
Published Version
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