Abstract
One of the major objectives in multimedia research is to provide pervasive access and personalized use of multimedia information. Pervasive access of video data implies the access of cognitive and affective aspects of video content. Personalized use requires the services satisfy individual user's needs on video content. This article attempts to provide a content-on-demand (CoD) video adaptation solution by considering users' preference on cognitive content and affective content for video media in general, sports video and movies in particular. In this article, CoD video adaptation system is developed to support users' decision in selecting their content of interest and adaptively deliver video source by selecting relevant content and dropping frames while considering network conditions. First, video contents are annotated by the description schemes (DSs) provided by MPEG-7 multimedia description schemes (MDSs). Then, to achieve a generic adaptation solution, the adaptation is developed following MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) framework. We study the MPEG-21 reference software on XML generation and develop our own system for CoD video adaptation in three steps: (1) the content information is parsed from MPEG-7 annotation XML file together with bitstream to generate generic Bitstream Syntax Description (gBSD); (2) Users' preference, network characteristic and adaptation QoS (AQoS) are considered for making adaptation decision; (3) adaptation engine automatically parses adaptation decisions and gBSD to achieve adaptation. Unlike most existing adaptation work, the system adapts the content of interest in the video stream according to users' preference. We implement the above-mentioned MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards and provide a generic video adaptation solution. Adaptation based on gBSD avoids complex video computation. Thirty students from various departments were invited to assess the system and their responses have been positive.
Highlights
With the explosive growth of video data and the fast development of network technologies, users become accustomed to access video data through network
In order to provide a generic adaptation for all media types rather than a single format for a specific media type, various network environments, different user characteristics and so on, media data and other information including adaptation quality of services (QoS) (AQoS), network constraints and users’ characteristics are represented by standardized XML files with defined attributes
Content selection is based on user preference. - For cognitive content, according to users’ preferred events and the information measurement for the previous events, the parcels containing highly preferred events or high information entropy are most likely to remain after adaptation
Summary
With the explosive growth of video data and the fast development of network technologies, users become accustomed to access video data through network. In order to provide a generic adaptation for all media types rather than a single format for a specific media type, various network environments, different user characteristics and so on, media data and other information including AQoS, network constraints and users’ characteristics are represented by standardized XML files with defined attributes. By parsing these XML files, information which affect adaptation is conveyed between adaptation engine and the media server or media receiver instead of processing the video itself.
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