Contemporary Trends in Cardiac Surgical Care for Trisomy 13 and 18 Patients Admitted to Hospitals in the United States

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess rates of cardiac surgery and the clinical and demographic features that influence surgical vs. non-surgical treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) in patients with trisomy 13 (T13) and trisomy 18 (T18) in the United States. Study designA retrospective study was performed using the Pediatric Health Information System. All hospital admissions of children (<18 years of age) with T13 and T18 in the United States were identified from 2003 through 2022. ICD codes were used to identify presence of CHD, extracardiac comorbidities/malformations, and performance of cardiac surgery. Results7,113 patients were identified. CHD was present in 62% (1,625/ 2,610) of patients with T13 and 73% (3,288/4,503) of patients with T18. The most common CHD morphologies were isolated atrial/ventricular septal defects (T13 40%, T18 42%) and aortic hypoplasia/coarctation (T13 21%, T18 23%). Single-ventricle morphologies comprised 6% (100/1,625) of the T13 and 5% (167/3,288) of the T18 CHD cohorts. Surgery was performed in 12% of patients with T13 plus CHD and 17% of patients with T18 plus CHD. For all cardiac diagnoses, <50% of patients received surgery. Non-surgical patients were more likely to be born prematurely (p<0.05 for T13 and T18). The number of extracardiac comorbidities was similar between surgical/non-surgical patients with T13 (median 2 vs. 2, p=0.215) and greater in surgical vs. non-surgical patients with T18 (median 3 vs. 2, p<0.001). Hospital mortality was <10% for both surgical cohorts. ConclusionsPatients with T13 or T18 and CHD receive surgical palliation, but at a low prevalence (<17%) nationally. Given operative mortality <10%, opportunity exists perhaps for quality improvement in the performance of cardiac surgery for these vulnerable patient populations.