Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial

Maria Detopoulou,Smaragdi Antonopoulou,Labrini Gavriil,Filio Petsini,Agathi Ntzouvani,Elizabeth Fragopoulou

doi:10.3390/biom11060801

Maria Detopoulou, Smaragdi Antonopoulou + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060801

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Journal: Biomolecules	Publication Date: May 28, 2021
Citations: 10	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Harokopio University of Athens

Abstract

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35–65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF’s biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5′-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.

Highlights

Accepted: 26 May 2021Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death globally while early identification of individuals at risk of developing CVDs, and implementation of effective treatments is the prime objective of medical research [1]
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of a new functional enriched yogurt on Platelet-activating factor (PAF) metabolism in humans
There is no significant association between sex and intervention group, i.e., men and women are represented in each intervention group

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death globally while early identification of individuals at risk of developing CVDs, and implementation of effective treatments is the prime objective of medical research [1]. In this context, behavioral risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use and harmful use of alcohol could modify CVDs risk. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a phosphoglycerylether lipid (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine) [2], constitutes a potent inflammatory mediator implicated in a plethora of pathophysiologic conditions, such as atherosclerosis [3], allergic disorders [4], cancer and other diseases. PAF is synthesized by almost all cell types, either at basal conditions or under specific stimuli. The levels of PAF in cells, tissues and biological fluids is regulated via its enzymatic biosynthesis by the remodeling and the de novo pathways and its catabolism [5]

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