Consumption Habits and Attitudes Associated with Vending Machines Use on a Saudi Arabian University Campus

Abstract

Current university campus food environments, especially vending machines, include more unhealthy foods and beverages than healthier alternatives, leading to increased consumption and frequent snacking. This study examines the relationship between food and beverage consumption and vending machines, evaluates the available food and beverage types, and investigates students’ behaviors and attitudes associated with vending machines. This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and included female and male students aged 18–26 years. Most participants reported changes in weight (57%) and food habits (56%) in the last month. The most frequently purchased vending machine items were water, chips, and chocolate. Males reported consuming chips, soda, and iced tea more frequently than females. Over 60% suggested fresh salad, yogurt, granola, protein bars, and baked bread as healthier food options in vending machines. These findings can be used to develop targeted initiatives to improve the nutritional quality of vending machine products and encourage healthy food choices.