Constructive features of building and construction objects of cultural heritage of Kiev and their classification features

Abstract

Currently, objects of cultural heritage on the territory of Ukraine are protected by the state, and their preservation is one of the priority tasks of state power and local self-government. The developed classifications of low-rise buildings and high-rise buildings that currently exist do not fully reflect the features of buildings that are objects of cultural heritage, therefore, they need to be supplemented and refined, taking into account their specifics. Classification of buildings and structures of objects of cultural heritage and its main features are presented. Specifics of application of technologies and materials in different time period are considered. The tendencies of development on the territory of the city of Kyiv are revealed. On the basis of collected archival data, which include: architectural drawings, surveys, laboratory researches of strength of materials and engineering-geological surveys, the main structural features of such buildings are highlighted. Ground conditions and geological processes prevailing on the territory of the city of Kyiv are considered. It is determined that during the inspection and drafting of monuments strengthening, which are objects of cultural heritage, the main task is to identify such factors as: - definition of the historical past of the territory of a building, a building or a building (initial appointment, change of mode of operation, completion, redevelopment, etc.); - definition of constructive decisions, which determine the distribution of stresses in the soil array and supporting elements; - determination of materials from which the main bearing elements and their real physical and mechanical properties are made; - research of technologies and local experience of construction, which is characteristic for a specific territory; - determination of initial ground conditions and their change during exploitation.