Abstract
The Gorongosa National Park was created in 1960 and it has 4.067km2 that integrates the Serra da Gorongosa and the local communities that live nearby. This work aims the characterization of the traditional houses and ways of building observed in the natural park. The main objective is the identification and characterization of constructive systems and the organization of villages in the Gorongosa National Park. This characterization is intended to be constructive from the point of view of the materials, geometry and solutions applied on the construction. The present work has many phases, in this sense the following stages were defined: Developing the state of art based on the analysis of constructive characterization methods and bibliographic research on earth systems used in Mozambique and other countries with similar conditions and climates; Definition of the studying cases: identification of the villages that were objects of studies, definition of survey criteria and registration; Visiting the villages and surveying the solutions through photographic register, visual observation, measurements, interviews; Registering identification files to each solution, etc. The work presents the typologies of construction found, namely: constructions with walls made from earth commonly used in the country, being the most usual technology the earth covering over wooden structures with different geometries and pieces of different shapes and dimensions. The study has documented some of the most current solutions in National Park.
Highlights
The Gorongosa National Park was created in 1960 and it has 4.067km2 that integrates the Serra da Gorongosa and the local communities that live nearby
This work consists of the characterization of local traditional buildings and the constructive systems existing in the park
The houses presented a fence built with palisades or spinous bushes in order to make the house safer and protect against invasions [5]. This author mentions [5] that, the first type of houses of this group consisted of only one opening, had no interior divisions, the roof had two slopes, the structure was held in palm stakes, the finishing of the walls and the house coverage was of palm leaf mats. This typology of construction continues to persist in the areas of abundant cultivation of palm trees, where these are the only supply of construction material
Summary
The globalization of the economy has been responsible for the mobility of services and products globally, with the sharing of knowledge and technologies, but without the necessary adaptation to the characteristics of the regions. This effect is determinant in the construction, with the mischaracterization of local knowledge, the contempt for endogenous resources and the degradation of the relationship between construction and climate. This work consists of the characterization of local traditional buildings and the constructive systems existing in the park. For historical reasons, after national independence, the country had to depart virtually from zero regarding to the technical capacity of its construction companies, which were preferentially located in large urban centers
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