Construction of Phylogenetic Tree of Coat Protein Gene Encoded by Begomoviruses to Detect Yellow Mosaic Viruses Infecting Soybean in Satna

Abstract

Introduction: Soybean is an essential legume crop that has grown mainly in Madhya Pradesh. It supplies over 25% of the vegetable oil requirement of the country and a substantial quantum of protein-rich by-product for animal feed requirements. Viral diseases caused by Begomoviruses, it is transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), responsible for yield reduction and economic losses in soybean production in Madhya Pradesh. Objective: The research aimed to detect Begomovirus such as Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) in soybean around District Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India, and construct a phylogenetic tree to study the evolutionary relationship. Methods: The disease percentage caused by Begomovirus present in soybean plants was analyzed using yellowing symptomatic samples in soybean in production areas. DNA isolation was performed from the collected symptomatic samples showing yellowing by using the CTAB method. The detection of Begomovirus MYMIV was carried out, encoded by coat protein (CP) genes by using specific primer-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Evolutionary relationship studies have been carried out further by constructing a phylogenetic tree with the help of bioinformatics tools. Results: Results indicated that the incidence of disease ranged from 68.4-94.8%. An amplified PCR product with ~510 bp region of coat protein was amplified from infected samples of soybean. The nucleotide sequences of viral cp shared maximum nucleotide identity (94-99%) with previously identified Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus strains. The analyzed samples were formed with separate clusters with Begomoviruses, MYMIV. Infecting legumes indicated that virus related to the yellow mosaic disease has a close association with MYMIV. Conclusion: : All such studies will help support disease observation and control the whitefly Begomovirus in soybean which is an economically important crop by the implementation of management programs.