Abstract
We have analyzed the extraction process in the technology of oilseed processing. This paper describes the original provisions, specificity, modern scientific schools, and the level of representation of the classic extraction process. The specificity of mathematical modeling of the extraction process, given the introduction of an additional driving force that significantly affects the kinetics of extraction in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency, is considered from the classical theory of the process. We have constructed the extraction kinetics calculation formulae, in microwave field, which develop the theory of extraction kinetics in an electromagnetic field. The paper gives an analysis of variants for the representation of a mathematical notation of the extraction process of disperse materials in an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency. A complete model of the mass exchange processes during extraction in a microwave field in the differential form will make it possible to generate conditions for conducting comprehensive experimental studies, which would fully define the extraction process of oilseeds. We have theoretically substantiated the process of heat and mass exchange between the all defining objects inside an extraction unit with an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency. Based on material balances, we derived equations describing the basic dynamic characteristics of oil extraction mode in an extraction unit. Since the precise analytical solution to the presented mathematical model in the form of a system of differential equations in particular derivatives does not exist, the approximate solution has been proposed. It makes it possible to identify the distribution of an extractant depending on the size of fractions of raw materials, the existence and magnitude of power of the pulsed electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency, the extractant's hydro-module, temperature, solvents, for any point in time. Based on the experimental research into extraction of oilseed material, it was established that under the action of microwave radiation a value for the mass release coefficient during extraction of oilseed raw materials grows by an order of magnitude (β=1·10 -5 ) compared to extraction without the effect of MW field (β=1·10 -6 ). Oil extraction under the action of a microwave field increases to 30 %, while electricity consumption decreases by 93‒97 %. The application of a microwave field would not only improve production efficiency, but reduce energy costs during process by an order of magnitude
Highlights
Ukraine occupies one of the leading positions in the world for the volume of production and processing of oils and fats
The aim of this study is to construct a mathematical model for the extraction process, which would take into consideration the effect of ultra-high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic field (EMF) on intensity of the transfer processes
Based on the constructed empirical mathematical model (68) of the kinetics of extraction in a microwave field, we parametrically identified the approximate solutions to the analytical mathematical model
Summary
Ukraine occupies one of the leading positions in the world for the volume of production and processing of oils and fats. Modernization of the equipment used at oil-fat producing enterprises, the employment of modern resource-saving technologies, a wide range of products, the high level of competitiveness, are the attributes that characterize a contribution of this sector to the local economy. Energy crisis and an increase in consumer demand for more high-quality products, vegetable oil, stimulated more research aimed at finding effective technologies of extraction. Extraction of valuable components from vegetable (oil) raw materials refers to the important processes that are characterized by high energy intensity. At the present stage of development of equipment and technology for extracting the oil raw materials, the potential of microwave technology should be recognized: the application of electromagnetic field (EMF) of ultra-high frequency (UHF). In our opinion, will lead to the intensification and improvement of efficiency of the traditional manufacture of vegetable oils to
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