Construction of a genetic linkage map and genetic analysis of domestication related traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata).

Prakit Somta,Satoshi Tabata,Duncan A. Vaughan,Tongming Yin,Takehisa Isemura,Takehiko Shimizu,Uken Jo,Norihiko Tomooka,Akito Kaga,Peerasak Srinives

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041304

Abstract

The genetic differences between mungbean and its presumed wild ancestor were analyzed for domestication related traits by QTL mapping. A genetic linkage map of mungbean was constructed using 430 SSR and EST-SSR markers from mungbean and its related species, and all these markers were mapped onto 11 linkage groups spanning a total of 727.6 cM. The present mungbean map is the first map where the number of linkage groups coincided with the haploid chromosome number of mungbean. In total 105 QTLs and genes for 38 domestication related traits were identified. Compared with the situation in other Vigna crops, many linkage groups have played an important role in the domestication of mungbean. In particular the QTLs with high contribution were distributed on seven out of 11 linkage groups. In addition, a large number of QTLs with small contribution were found. The accumulation of many mutations with large and/or small contribution has contributed to the differentiation between wild and cultivated mungbean. The useful QTLs for seed size, pod dehiscence and pod maturity that have not been found in other Asian Vigna species were identified in mungbean, and these QTLs may play the important role as new gene resources for other Asian Vigna species. The results provide the foundation that will be useful for improvement of mungbean and related legumes.

Highlights

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is one of the most important grain legumes in Asian agriculture, in South Asia [1]
Analysis with SSR and EST-SSR Markers SSR primers developed from azuki bean, mungbean, cowpea and common bean and EST-SSR primers from soybean were used to construct a genetic linkage map of mungbean
The length of each linkage group ranged from 45.1 converted into map distances (cM) (LG11) to 92.5 cM (LG2)

Summary

Introduction

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is one of the most important grain legumes in Asian agriculture, in South Asia [1]. Almost 90% of world’s mungbean production comes from Asia, and India is the world’s largest producer [2]. Mungbean is grown on about 4.2 million hectares in India with an annual average production of 1.3 million tons in 2008 [3]. In Pakistan, mungbean is grown on 250 thousand hectares with an average annual production of 180 thousand tons in 2009 [4]. Mungbean in China is grown on about 1 million hectares and its production and export amounts have increased in recent years [6]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion