Construction Features of Devices for Charging Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The electric vehicle (EV) market is actively developing by leading car manufacturers around the world. The main efforts of developers are aimed at creating an efficient energy storage device - a rechargeable battery, because its parameters largely characterize the EV: power reserve and acceleration, engine power and others. But for the comfortable existence of EV in urban conditions requires a certain infrastructure, which includes charging stations, containing all the necessary equipment to charge the battery. In the results use many different terms and definitions that often describe the same phenomenon. This paper substantiates the need for systematization and analysis of equipment for charging electric vehicles. The methods of charging electric cars are considered in the work, the information on the ways of charging EV is arranged, parallels between different standards are made. Chargers for electric vehicles can be classified as follows: AC charging and DC charging. Both methods of EV charging are regulated by different standards in different countries. The US and Japan use the SAE J1772 standard, it covers both types of charging methods mentioned above. Its European adaptation is IEC 61851. The standard describes the power level of charging stations and types of EV sockets. The charging mode describes the safety communication protocol between the electric vehicle and the charging station. To establish a serial connection between the electric vehicle and the EVSE, there is a function "PILOT", which refers to the protocol IEC 61851, provides the necessary functions related to the communication of EV and EVSE. The connection detection sequence is performed automatically when the EVSE power control cable is physically connected to the EV. Of the many variants of controlled AC chargers, according to the authors, the most promising is the option based on an open project. The advantages are open data on the applied circuit solutions and code, as well as low cost compared to industrial designs, the availability of a user-friendly interface, the ability to create your own mobile application and connect a payment system. The disadvantage of the IEC 61851 protocol is the limited exchange of EVSE data with EV. Because only data on initialization, process and charge stop is transmitted via the exchange channel. The charging station cannot estimate the type of electric car, its characteristics, capacity and battery condition, maximum charging speed, etc. Implementing the above could be useful for creating things like load balancing and the potential for a possible return of electricity to the grid.