Abstract
We developed a mathematical model of the separation process of heterogeneous polydisperse mixtures in the proposed energy saving vortex separators, which is represented by a system of differential equations linking parameters of the process control to the geometric dimensions of device. We showed the possibility to solve a mathematical model based on the grid method for the determination of initial parameters and control parameters of the separation process, as well as for determination of coordinates of components with different shapes, densities, aerodynamic and gas dynamic properties. This will significantly reduce time for calculations of gas-dynamic vortex separators of any mixtures. We proved the reliability of the calculation based on the grid method by comparing it with the results of the experiment. This makes it possible to calculate and design vortex separators without expensive calibrating sieves and energy-intensive vibration equipment. We established the region of a change in the generally accepted coefficients of efficiency and precision of the separation of a flour mixture, which determine the presence of harmful components in a resulting product and the content of high quality components in waste, which should not exceed 2 %. We detected boundary values of the coefficients of efficiency h е =88 % and precision h s =0.9 of mixtures of flour of the highest grade, the first grade, and the second grade, which could be used as the initial data in the design of vortex separators. We proved the possibility to control the separation process by changes in gas-dynamic parameters of a heterogeneous mixture at the inlet to a separator. This will make it possible to change the velocity of redistribution of components of a mixture and to obtain necessary indicators of a resulting product with a predetermined degree of purity. The research results proved the possibility for implementing vortex separators into industrial production. This will significantly reduce the cost of preparation of raw materials in grain processing, coal, and other fields, as well as in the production of dolomite, construction materials, etc. Using the vortex gas-dynamic separators in technological processes would improve production environment and reduce the cost of maintenance and repair, since they operate in a closed cycle and do not contain expensive calibrating sieves and electric drives.
Highlights
Modern technological processes of separation and mixing of heterogeneous polydisperse media have high energy and economic costs
It is possible to resolve the problem of elimination of separation of heterogeneous mixtures of moving sieves, elements and nodes that determine the level of energy consumption in modern separators by the introduction of developed vortex gas-dynamic separators to technological processes [1, 2]
We proved the possibility to control a change in the gas-dynamic parameters that influence a trajectory of individual components in vortex flows during interaction with external influences based on the developed mathematical model of separation of heterogeneous mixtures in vortex separators
Summary
Modern technological processes of separation and mixing of heterogeneous polydisperse media have high energy and economic costs Main disadvantages of such processes are the design complexity, a large number of moving mechanisms, nodes, parts, separating sieves, etc., unsatisfactory environmental performance. Gas-dynamic processes, which occur in vortex devices, irrespective of shapes and parameters of discrete particles of heterogeneous streams, because of interaction with incident fluxes, enable the control over a mass exchange between lines of streams and the concentration of individual components in coordinates This makes it possible to apply gas-dynamic vorticial devices in various technological processes of mixing or separation of components and to reduce overall dimensions, metal capacity, energy intensity and their cost, compared to existing machines.
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