Abstract
Abstract We examine the gauge invariance of massive vector Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes within various 6D brane models. Our analysis reveals that additional constraints on the brane's geometry are essential to maintain the gauge invariance of the massive vector KK modes. However, these conditions are not universally satisfied by brane solutions, leading to loss of gauge invariance. In instances where the brane solutions align with the conditions, we compute the mass spectra of both vector and scalar KK modes, and find some resonances for the KK modes in one of the brane models. Our findings indicate that the presence of a single type of massive scalar KK mode will break the gauge invariance.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
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