Constraining neutrino masses in the Barrow holographic dark energy model with Granda–Oliveros IR cutoff

Abstract

The holographic dark energy (HDE) model resides in quantum gravity in connection with the entropy, which requires an appropriate IR-cutoff to support the accelerating universe. Of these, the BHDE is corresponding to the quantum-corrected Barrow entropy SB∝A1+Δ/2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$S_{B}\\propto A^{1+\\Delta /2}$$\\end{document} for which the Granda–Oliveros (GO) IR-cutoff LIR=(αH2+βH˙)-12\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$L_{IR}=(\\alpha H^2 + \\beta \\dot{H})^{-\\frac{1}{2}}$$\\end{document} avoids the causality problem of the typically used future event-horizon. As the cosmological evolution of the model has recently been studied, we include the relic-neutrinos to constraint the well-motivated model’s parameters (α,β,Δ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\alpha , \\beta , \\Delta $$\\end{document}) along with the total mass of neutrinos ∑mν\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sum m_{\ u }$$\\end{document} and the effective number of their species Neff\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$N_{eff}$$\\end{document} using a variety of the latest observational data. Utilizing the basic observations from 2018 Planck CMB-data, BAO-data, Pantheon sample of type Ia supernovae (SNIa), H(z) measurements of cosmic chronometers (CC) and various combinations of them, we find ∑mν<0.119\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sum m_{\ u } < 0.119$$\\end{document} eV (95 % CL) for CMB + ALL combination, aligning with ∑mν<0.12\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sum m_{\ u } < 0.12$$\\end{document} eV, (95% CL) of 2018 Planck release plus BAO data. The value of Neff=2.98-0.25+0.25\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$N_{eff}=2.98^{+0.25}_{-0.25}$$\\end{document} (68% CL) is also determined which is consistent with BAO+Planck’s Neff=2.99-0.17+0.17\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$N_{eff}=2.99^{+0.17}_{-0.17}$$\\end{document} (68% CL). The AIC analysis shows that the model (especially its α=1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\alpha =1$$\\end{document} case) is (mildly) favored over the concordance Λ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Lambda $$\\end{document}CDM for that complete combination. Furthermore, the Barrow–Granda–Oliveros parameters are found in using the above datasets, as they get α=0.98-0.06+0.06\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\alpha =0.98^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$$\\end{document}, β=0.597-0.08+0.07\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\beta =0.597^{+0.07}_{-0.08}$$\\end{document} and Δ=0.0054-0.0076+0.0076\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Delta =0.0054^{+0.0076}_{-0.0076}$$\\end{document} for CMB + ALL combination, where are in agreement with previous studies. The use of these best-fitting values in plotting the deceleration parameter q(z) shows that the universe undergoes a deceleration-acceleration transition at ztr=0.63\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$z_{tr}=0.63$$\\end{document}, by entering the current phase of dark-energy domination with q0=-0.573\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$q_0=-\\,0.573$$\\end{document}.