Abstract

Adolescence is a unique period of development that requires special consideration in study design, statistical analyses, and interpretation of results. Biologically, the onset of adolescence is defined by pubertal surges in hormones that can impact neurodevelopment. Phenotypically, adolescence is characterized by a period of increased sensation/novelty-seeking that may manifest in risk-taking behaviors, heightened emotionality, and greater peer influence. Neurobiologically, adolescence is a time when foundational neurocognitive processes are in place and when brain systems are predominantly undergoing specialization to optimally match neurobiological/genetic predisposition with the demands of the particular environment.

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