Abstract
In the process of risk management process implementation and deployment within the organizations, both public and private, the applicable standards outline the role played the human resources, as the key issue in this respect. Following the standards and the practice in the field, the integrity risks are considered within the framework of a holistic approach. The paper tries to introduce and address the main features of the integrity risks, considering the European approach, based on the quantitative and qualitative measurement through some specific indicators. Besides, the joint-approaches of the developments in the legal framework, and the other international bodies involved in regulation of the field, namely the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the United Nations Convention against Corruption are outlined. In addition, the public perception indicators regarding the integrity are presented through the comparative examination of the local findings amongst the other European countries and averages, pointing out the specific evolutions. The conclusions highlight the favourable changes and some of the actions required as prerequisites for necessary further improvements. Research background: Defined as the abuse of power oriented towards gain of private benefits, the corruption is a phenomenon that affects the economies and the fair distribution of welfare. Although there is a regulatory framework both at national and international levels, measuring of corruption remains a difficult task, as it often relies on public perception. Purpose of the article: The objectives consist in identification and assessment of integrity risks, besides the implementation of the adequate control tools, in order to ensure their proper monitoring. Methods: Employing the data from the international surveys and indexes used in measurement of the corruption perception, and considering the applicable legal framework, there are examined both the specific trends in Romania, compared to the general developments in the European Union . Findings Value added: Amid a general improvement trend, there are highlighted some slight backward steps and the necessary actions for future improvements. Considering the weak parts specific to the perception surveys, besides their further usage, results the necessity of fostering the using of special designed indexes, which rely, in addition, on aspects that mainly remain out of public perception.
Highlights
The etymology of the word integrity comes from the adjective “integer”, originated in Latin, of whose initial meaning is whole or complete
The adequate understanding and management of the integrity risks represent an essential task deployed in order to ensure the effectiveness and the long-term impact of risk mitigation measures
There was a slight backward step in 2019, it is noticeable the improvement in the score afferent to year 2017, which followed the progresses in administrative simplification and digitization of public services processes, moving ahead of other countries in the region, like Hungary, Greece, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Poland
Summary
The etymology of the word integrity comes from the adjective “integer”, originated in Latin, of whose initial meaning is whole or complete The transformations of this concept over time have added new significations, which refer to the totality of the qualities of an individual, expressed by honesty and consistency of character [1]. Other authors consider that the system of values and principles issued through the social mechanisms is subject to validation over time, traversing an adjustment-and-review process, driven by the intermediary outcomes [3] This statement does not enter in any contradiction with the objective necessity of a system of principles and values, as the absence of this type of arrangement would invariably promote the inconsistency and confusion. The unit of measurement for trust is integrity; - Justice is a fundamental, moral and legal principle of the society, it is the way in which an individual is treated by other individuals or by the general society; - The respect is a manifestation of appreciation and esteem for a person, institution, or a community; - Responsibility is a task of liability; a commitment that relates to the obligations of the individual to the actions taken
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