Abstract
In the urban area of Estoril, a Portuguese tourist village 20 km westward from Lisbon, hot mineral waters (thermal waters) spout out from natural springs which have been known since the 19th century. The thermal waters are of the sodium chloride type, with total dissolved solids and temperatures higher than the ones of the regional waters. Isotopic data are consistent with a meteoric origin for both the regional and thermal waters of the Estoril area: δ180 (‰), -4.16 to -3.52 and δ2H (‰), -25.5 to -18.7. The thermal water composition can be derived from the regional water composition assuming the dissolution of evaporite minerals, cation exchange and precipitation of calcite. The thermal water flow system has probably the recharge area somewhere in between Estoril and the Sintra mountain. The elevation difference between the recharge area and the sea provides the driving force for groundwater movement to the Estoril area where the upward movement of the mineralised and warm water is controlled by an impermeable barrier of dykes and open fractures in the pre-existing rocks.
Highlights
IntroductionIn the urban area of Estoril, a Portuguese tourist village 20 km westward from Lisbon (fig. 1), there are two main mineral water springs which waters are of the sodium chloride type, with total dissolved solids (TDS) and temperatures higher 3 to 5 gIL and 10 to 15 oC than the ones of the regional waters, respectively
In the urban area of Estoril, a Portuguese tourist village 20 km westward from Lisbon, hot mineral waters spout out from natural springs which have been known since the 19th century
The thermal water composition can be derived from the regional water composition assuming the dissolution of evaporite minerals, cation exchange and precipitation of calcite
Summary
In the urban area of Estoril, a Portuguese tourist village 20 km westward from Lisbon (fig. 1), there are two main mineral water springs which waters are of the sodium chloride type, with total dissolved solids (TDS) and temperatures higher 3 to 5 gIL and 10 to 15 oC than the ones of the regional waters, respectively. 1), there are two main mineral water springs which waters are of the sodium chloride type, with total dissolved solids (TDS) and temperatures higher 3 to 5 gIL and 10 to 15 oC than the ones of the regional waters, respectively. These thermal springs are known since the 19th century and their water was used for therapeutic purposes in an old spa which building has already been demolished. According to Portuguese law, mineral waters are State property and their exploitation must be authorized by government since it is a concession.
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