Abstract
The water resources management has been an important factor for the sustainability of industrial processes, since there is a growing need for the development of methodologies aimed at the conservation and rational use of water. The objective of this work was to apply the heuristic-algorithmic method called Water Sources Diagram (WSD), which is used to define the target of minimum water consumption, to batch processes. Scenarios with reuse of streams were generated and evaluated with application of the method from the data of water quantity and concentration of contaminants in the operations. Two case studies aiming to show the reduction of water consumption and wastewater generation, and final treatment costs besides investment in storage tanks, were presented. The scenarios showed great promising, achieving reduction up to 45% in water consumption and wastewater generation, and a reduction of around 37% on cost of storage tanks, without the need to allocate regeneration processes. Thus, the WSD method showed to be a relevant and flexible alternative regarding to systemic tools aimed at minimizing the consumption of water in industrial processes, playing an important role within a program of water resources management.
Highlights
Reduction of around 37% on cost of storage tanks, without the need to allocate regeneration processes
The Water Sources Diagram (WSD) method showed to be a relevant and flexible alternative regarding to systemic tools aimed at minimizing the consumption of water in industrial processes, playing an important role within a program of water resources management
A metodologia foi estendida para casos de regeneração, restrição de vazão, taxa de perda fixa e múltiplas fontes de água
Summary
Os custos com tratamento de efluentes industriais vêm aumentando gradativamente. Além dos trabalhos já mencionados, têm-se recentes contribuições, dentre os quais: Chang e Li (2006), que estudaram a equalização ótima de vazão de efluentes e concentração de contaminantes em plantas batelada; Shoaib et al (2008) e Oliver et al (2008), que combinaram programação matemática com análise Pinch para sintetizar redes de água em processos em batelada; Gouws et al (2008), que estenderam o modelo de Majozi (2005) para minimização de água em plantas multipropósito utilizando tanque central de estocagem; Rabie e El-Hawagi (2008), que minimizaram o custo anual total a partir de um procedimento hierárquico para a síntese e planejamento de redes de reciclo de água em processos em batelada. Dois estudos de caso foram apresentados, sendo avaliados cenários que incluem a necessidade de se empregar tanques de estocagem de água, os quais contribuem para as oportunidades de máximo reúso no processo
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