Consequences of Introducing Intrinsic Disorder in the Electrostatic Steering Binding Process between Colicin E3 and Im3

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Electrostatic interactions are involved in molecular recognition processes, where electrostatic interactions may determine the recognition specificity and kinetics. Many protein-protein and protein-DNA binding processes are driven by favorable electrostatic interactions, which will steer the unbound molecules forming bound complexes. Such electrostatic steering effect can enhance the binding rate constant upto several orders of magnitude. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are universally observed in all species.