Abstract
Introducción. En Colombia la práctica de la lactancia materna exclusiva es baja y, pese a las estrategias implementadas para promoverla, aún falta mucho para cumplir con la meta establecida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).Objetivo. Describir la situación actual de la consejería en lactancia materna exclusiva (CLME) en Instituciones Amigas de la Mujer y la Infancia (IAMI) de Bogotá D.C., Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 76 consejeros (miembros del personal en salud) de 12 IAMI, a quienes se les se aplicó una encuesta semiestructurada con preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Para el análisis de las variables numéricas y categóricas se empleó estadística descriptiva y para analizar las respuestas obtenidas mediante preguntas abiertas se usó el software N-Vivo versión 10.Resultados. Los enfermeros y los auxiliares de enfermería fueron los consejeros que tuvieron mayor contacto con las madres lactantes (42% cada grupo). El 91% de los participantes no contaba con formación en CLME según los lineamientos de la OMS, mientras que para el 60% la consejería significaba enseñar o brindar información a las madres sobre cómo lactar.Conclusión. La formación en consejería en lactancia materna se centra en brindar información sobre cómo lactar, mas no en desarrollar habilidades de consejería; además, no hay un consenso entre el personal de salud que se desempeña como consejero en lactancia materna sobre lo que significa la CLME.
Highlights
Exclusive breastfeeding is still limited in Colombia
Participants were selected by each of the IAMI mother and child service coordination offices or nutrition offices according to the criteria described below: Inclusion criteria: Having received training in breastfeeding counseling (BFC) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines,[17] which were adopted by Colombia as a requirement for performing exclusive breastfeeding counseling (EBFC) at the IAMI or having a minimum experience of 3 months as a BF counselor
51 reported they had not been trained to work as breastfeeding counselors, and among those who claimed having been trained, only 12 said they had completed the WHO breastfeeding counseling training course (40 hours)[17]; out of these 12 counselors, 7 reported they had received training on counseling techniques related to the practical components of the course, including topics such as “how to approach nursing mothers”, “how to counsel them” and “communication skills”
Summary
Exclusive breastfeeding is still limited in Colombia. Despite the strategies implemented to promote it, the goal established by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding this practice is far from being achieved. One of the strategies implemented to promote BF in Colombia are the so-called Women and Child Friendly Institutions (IAMI by its acronym in Spanish), which are an adaptation of the program Hospital Amigo de los Niños (Children’s Friendly Hospital) These institutions seek to encourage the practice of BF by fulfilling the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding proposed by UNICEF.[4,5] These steps include breastfeeding counseling (BFC), an initiative implemented in the last 20 years to promote BF,[6,7] and its effectiveness is evident in the beginning, exclusivity, and duration of BF.[8,9,10,11]. The health staff of these institutions are a fundamental actor for the fulfillment of the Ten Steps, from prenatal check-ups to hospital discharge, in what is called exclusive breastfeeding counseling (EBFC)
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