Abstract
The presented paper introduces a new methodology of experimental testing procedures required by the complex systems of electric vehicles (EV). This methodology is based on real-time connection of test setups and platforms, which may be situated in different geographical locations, belong to various cyber-physical domains, and are united in a global X-in-the-loop (XIL) experimental environment. The proposed concept, called XILforEV, allows exploring interdependencies between various physical processes that can be identified or investigated in the process of EV development. The paper discusses the following relevant topics: global XILforEV architecture; realization of required high-confidence models using dynamic data driven application systems (DDDAS) and multi fidelity models (MFM) approaches; and formulation of case studies to illustrate XILforEV applications.
Highlights
The overall development process of electric vehicles consists of many stages, elements, and components, which are characterized by unequal levels of technological maturity
In line with previous investigations, we propose a new approach, called XILforEV, that aims at developing a connected and shared X-in-the-loop experimental environment uniting test platforms and setups from different physical domains and situated in different locations
Purpose—provide an experimental environment for simultaneous RT validation and testing of electric vehicles (EV) powertrain and chassis systems using connected facilities distributed between different geographical locations; Functionality—use for development design of EV control systems, studies on fail-safe operation, and investigations on synergetic effects from the integrated operation of EV systems; Networking—consider variants of distributed local and distributed remotely; Global modelling—use of one global server-based or cloud-based RT vehicle model for all networked testing facilities; and
Summary
The overall development process of electric vehicles consists of many stages, elements, and components, which are characterized by unequal levels of technological maturity. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2019, 10, 83; doi:10.3390/wevj10040083 www.mdpi.com/journal/wevj Under consideration of these factors, the use of well-established processes in the design of EV systems can have some sensible limitations, for instance, co-simulation issues for software-in-the-loop (SIL)/model-in-the-loop (MIL) procedures, availability of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test setups for different systems at the same host, tangible extension of road trial programmes with added time/cost resources to check new functionalities. Albers et al [1] proposed an extension of the XIL framework through a connection with the integrated product development model and knowledge management systems, widely used in industrial design processes Another variant of an XIL tool was introduced by so-called concept of test-rig-in-the-loop (TRIL). The sections of the paper will introduce the XILforEV architecture, its modelling components, as well as formulation of four dedicated case studies
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