Abstract
Analysis of the electron density distribution in clusters composed of hydrogen fluoride, water, and ammonia molecules, especially within the hydrogen-bond domains, reveals the existence of both σ- and π-binding between molecules. The σ-kind density distribution determines the mutual orientation of molecules. A π-system may be delocalized conjugated, which provides additional stabilization of molecular clusters. In those clusters where the sequence of hydrogen bonds is not planar, a peculiar kind of π-conjugation exists. HF2 − and H5O2 + ions are characterized by quasi-triple bonds between the electronegative atoms. The most long-lived species stabilized by π-binding are structural rings and closed or open hoops composed of fused rings. It is conjugated π system that determines the cooperativity phenomenon. New definition of hydrogen bond is proposed.
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