Congestion-free routing based on a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm to provide an effective routing protocol by analyzing the significant impacts of QoS parameters in a dynamic VANET environment

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Abstract A definitive form of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), which delivers data communication using wireless transmission with the collection of vehicular nodes in a vehicular environment. The main goal of this VANET is to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) which is road safety, environmental kindliness, and logistics in intelligent transport. Moreover, mobility and routing play an important challenge for information interchange to the process in the VANET environment. In developing countries, smart cities are encountering problematic traffic congestion. Furthermore, in cluster communications, stable cluster formation and maintenance with the guarantying QoS has always remained a great challenge. In order to overcome the above-mentioned issue, this article proposes a congestion-free routing process ensuring QOS parameters. The main objective of the proposed scheme is to analyze the impact of QOS parameters while choosing the best routing path in Vehicular communication. The scheme also introduces the Hybrid-Harris Hawks Black Widow optimization-based VANET (H-HHBW-VANET) algorithm to improve QoS for routing between nodes. This algorithm differs from other algorithms in terms of optimal solution generation, which makes it more efficient. The proposed work is implemented in the working platform of NS2 to analyze the parameters such as Drop, Delay, Energy Consumption, Throughput, and Fairness Index. The simulation results provide better QOS service in terms of low energy consumption with higher throughput and low delay.