Abstract
The increasing share of distributed energy resources poses a challenge to the distribution network operator (DNO) to maintain the current availability of the system while limiting the investment costs. Related to this, there is a clear trend in DNOs trying to better monitor their grid by installing a distribution management system (DMS). This DMS enables the DNOs to remotely switch their network or better localize and solve faults. Moreover, the DMS can be used to centrally control the grid assets. Therefore, in this paper, a control strategy is discussed that can be implemented in the DMS for solving current congestion problems posed by the increasing share of renewables in the grid. This control strategy controls wind turbines in order to avoid congestion while mitigating the required investment costs in order to achieve a global cost-efficient solution. Next to the application and objective of the control, the parameter tuning of the control algorithm is discussed.
Highlights
The amount of distributed generation (DG) in the electric power system has been increasing significantly in the last few years due to the technical, economic and environmental benefits they offer.the distribution networks are not designed to cope with large amounts of generation, as in the past, only loads were connected to them, and large power plants were connected to the transmission network
The usage of this hysteresis band for initiating the control solves several issues, such as: (1) continuously varying set points sent to the control points (CTPs) can be avoided and normal load variations do not lead to new set points of CTPs; (2) without this band, a pure proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller cannot be used, as the current in the congestion points (CGPs) has no set point, only an upper limit; and (3) extended system knowledge is not required for tuning the controller
The “controlled relief” strategy is implemented in such way that when the current in the CGP drops below the back value, a new set point is calculated for the CTPs in order to increase this current back to the control point if sufficient wind is available
Summary
The amount of distributed generation (DG) in the electric power system has been increasing significantly in the last few years due to the technical, economic and environmental benefits they offer. The evolution of power distribution networks towards so-called active distribution networks (ADNs) requires the availability of a suitable distribution management system (DMS) to achieve specific operation objectives, such as an optimal voltage/line-congestion control, fault detection and localization, post-fault management, local load balancing and network loss minimization [19,20,21] Many papers, such as [22,23], have dealt with the functionalities of a DMS; in practice, generally, only the basic functionalities are being exploited at this time, such as the monitoring and remote switching of the system. The wind turbines connected to the medium-voltage (MV) networks, which are in the MW range, are generally capable of receiving set points from a remote control system and controlling their active power generation towards this set point By centrally curtailing these wind turbines: (1) they can be connected more quickly to the grid than when asset investments and the necessary changes in the lines and transformers of the involved feeders need to be made; and (2).
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