Abstract
We construct net baryon number and strangeness susceptibilities as well as correlations between electric charge, strangeness and baryon number from experimental data on the particle production yields at midrapidity of the ALICE Collaboration at CERN. The data were taken in central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV and cover one unit of rapidity. We show that the resulting fluctuations and correlations are consistent with Lattice QCD results at the chiral crossover pseudocritical temperature Tc≃155 MeV. This agreement lends strong support to the assumption that the fireball created in these collisions is of thermal origin and exhibits characteristic properties expected in QCD at the transition from the quark gluon plasma to the hadronic phase. Since Lattice QCD calculations are performed at a baryochemical potential of μB=0, the comparisons with LHC data are the most direct due to the vanishing baryon transport to midrapidity at these high energies.
Highlights
Uncovering evidence for restoration of chiral symmetry in the medium created in nucleus–nucleus collisions at very high energy is one of the most important and challenging problems [1,2,3]
Observables such as fluctuations of net baryon number and electric charge, which are sensitive to criticality related with a spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry, should exhibit characteristic properties governed by the universal part of the free energy [9,12,21]
We have proposed a method to construct the net baryon number and strangeness susceptibilities as well as correlations between IeCleEctCroicllacbhoarragteioann,dtaskterannignenPebs–sPbfrocmolliesxiopnesrimate√ntsaNlNd=ata2.o7f6tTheeVA
Summary
Uncovering evidence for (partial) restoration of chiral symmetry in the medium created in nucleus–nucleus collisions at very high energy is one of the most important and challenging problems [1,2,3]. The situation has been analyzed by [41,42] and attempts at corrections have been applied for acceptance [5,6] and for fluctuations induced by the difficult to measure neutral baryons [43,44] Such measurements are sensitive to critical effects near the QCD phase boundary only for higher moments of the distributions [21], necessitating huge statistics as well as a very precise understanding of possible backgrounds in the measurements. The current approach leads to a direct connection between experimental data integrated over all transverse momenta and second order susceptibilities and, to direct contact between predictions from LQCD and experimental data without the need to consider, on the experimental side, effects of acceptance and, on the theoretical side, how to extract baryons from LQCD calculations
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