Confrontation between the USA and the USSR in the Middle East: Geopolitical aspect

Abstract

The research relevance is determined by the significant role of geopolitics in the life of certain regions over the past two centuries of human history, while the methods of geopolitical play remained the same, thus studying the experience is important to prevent new mistakes. The study aims to investigate the military and political processes in the Middle East during the Cold War and to determine what political methods were used by the representatives of different parties. The main methods used in the historical research were the following: analysis of sources to determine their reliability; synthesis with other works, creating new views on the problem; the method of analogy; and the method of generalisation. The analysis of many historical works and sources determined that the territory of the Middle East was of great importance to both the United States and the USSR. During the Cold War, many serious conflicts took place in the Middle East. These conflicts had their origins in the long-standing confrontation between Arabs and Jews, and, with the spread of modern ideas at the time, the struggle between socialism and democracy. This led to significant interference by external forces in the internal affairs of the Middle East, which led to escalating conflicts and instability in the region. Geopolitical battles between various conflicting forces, as well as the deployment of military operations and sponsorship of various conflict groups, have led to deep divisions and even armed clashes. It also contributed to the rise of extremism, religious ideologies and terrorist activities, which have had a further impact on stability and security not only at the regional level but also at the global level. The study results will be useful for all those who study history and geopolitics. Using the example of the confrontation in the Middle East, it is possible to identify general trends in the policy of superpowers during the Cold War and to define certain methods of geopolitics