Conformationally constrained renin inhibitory peptides: cyclic (3-1)-1-(carboxymethyl)-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidinamide as a conformational restriction at the P2-P4 tripeptide portion of the angiotensinogen template

Abstract

Interest in conformationally constrained peptides as potential inhibitors of renin led us to examine an N-terminal cycle of linear renin inhibitory peptides. A cyclic structure was prepared by joining the N-terminal proline at the P4 site to the imidazole ring of histidine at the P2 site via a carboxymethylene fragment. An efficient synthetic route to this 14-membered macrocycle was developed and this N-terminal cyclic tripeptide could be readily incorporated into renin inhibitory peptides. Monte Carlo molecular modeling methods were used to generate bound conformations of a representative inhibitor in a model of the renin active site, suggesting possible modes of binding of these inhibitors to renin. Two representative compounds that contain this 14-membered macrocycle were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against human plasma renin and they were found to exhibit very high binding affinity with IC50 values in the nanomolar and subnanomolar range.