Abstract
A 2 × 1 orthogonal circularly polarized multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented at wireless 5G (3.3–4.2 GHz) and 5.9 GHz vehicle-to-everything (V2X) application bands. The proposed antenna obtains circular polarization with the incorporation of inserting Γ-shaped stripline to the ground and asymmetric ground structure. The MIMO antenna exhibits impedance bandwidth of 3.17 GHz in the band of 3.15–6.32 GHz, and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 3.3 GHz in the band of 2.85–6.15 GHz. The design radiates RHCP and LHCP in both directions due to the arrangement of MIMO unit cells in a mirrored fashion. The inter-port isolation is greater than 20 dB and achieves up to 30 dB within the required band due to orthogonal circular polarizations. A prototype is fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate and achieved envelope correlation coefficient lower than 0.02, diversity gain almost 10 dB, and channel capacity loss of less than 0.12 b/s/Hz in the operating band. To analyze the effect of the car body on the radiation characteristics, the MIMO antenna is sited on the car side view mirror and roof-top using the Ansys savant tool. These investigations confirm that the antenna is suitable for wireless and vehicular safety applications.
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