Configurable High-Frequency Alternating Magnetic Field Generator for Nanomedical Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications

Abstract

This article shows the use of a high-frequency Full-Bridge inverter to design an alternating magnetic field generator for experimental studies on anti-cancer treatment with magnetic nanoparticles. In magnetic hyperthermia, nanoparticles are used to raise the pathological cancerous cell's temperature high enough to induce their death by apoptosis, but not as high as to destroy them by thermal ablation of the whole tissue volume, consequently leaving healthy cells alive. Conventionally, sinusoidal alternating magnetic fields are used to heat the nanoparticles, which can be more easily produced than other waveforms. However, there are no theoretical nor experimental reasons to choose the sinusoidal waveform. This work aims to develop an improved power system to study the effect of different waveforms of the magnetic field on heat production when exciting magnetic nanoparticles, aiming at demonstrating that other waveforms can be much more efficient in producing heat than conventional sinusoids. To prove our hypothesis, we designed an inverter able to generate four waveforms at high frequencies and a fifth sinusoidal signal derived by a resonant capacitor, in the range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz and up to 10 mT of peak intensity. Also, we used SiC devices to process high currents at high switching frequencies efficiently. Additionally, to enhance the system efficiency, Zero-Voltage Switching is used to reduce switching losses and minimize electromagnetic noise and interference. The experimental results obtained with non-sinusoidal waveforms have shown a remarkable performance improvement compared to classical sine wave excitation. The nanoparticles' heat dissipation depends on the applied alternating magnetic field's signal slope, signal frequency, and peak field intensity. We conclude that further work deserves to be done to find the optimum work conditions in function of the used particle and biological environment to test if this type of magnetic field generator could overcome the conventional system's performance.