Cone beam computed tomography outcomes in patients diagnosed with compromised bone health undergoing dental implant therapy and bone augmentation

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Studies examining mid-term treatment outcomes of implant placement with bone augmentation in patients with compromised bone health are lacking. The purpose of this prospective, nonrandomized cohort study was to evaluate the cone bean computed tomography (CBCT) outcomes of implant placement with bone augmentation in postmenopausal women. For this best practice, standard of care study, 78 participants received 1 test implant along with 1 or a combination of 3 bone augmentation procedures: particulate graft, expansion, or block graft. Participants were categorized as healthy (n=49) or bone compromised (n=29). Using CBCT scans made preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 2 years postoperatively, the augmented alveolar ridge widths were measured in a buccolingual (BL) dimension 2mm and 6mm apical to the coronal aspect of the implant's rough surface. Additionally, peri-implant bone height was measured on the mesial and distal implant surfaces at the mid-alveolar aspect of the ridge using a coronal panoramic view. Both study groups exhibited an increase in horizontal BL measurements at the 2-mm and 6-mm landmarks from preoperative to immediate postoperative time points and a minimal decrease from intermediate postoperative to 2 years postoperative. The mean proximal height decreased over time in healthy participants but did not show a significant change in participants with compromised bone. The linear mixed effects model results revealed that the mean difference between groups significantly decreased over time at the 2-mm landmark (P<.05); however, no significant group-time interactions were found for the BL width at the 6-mm landmark and proximal height measurements (P=.627). Mid-term CBCT measurements showed significant bone augmentation immediately after surgery and 2 years after surgery and stable proximal bone adjacent to implants in postmenopausal women diagnosed with compromised bone health.