Conductive composites of tapioca based bioplastic and electrochemical-mechanical liquid exfoliation (emle) graphene

A Amri,Z T Jiang,R S Iriyanti,S P Utami,M M Rahman,H Rahmana

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/345/1/012026

Abstract

The conductive composites of tapioca based bioplastic and the electrochemical- mechanical liquid exfoliation (EMLE) graphene have been successfully synthesized via the solution intercalation method for conductive bioplastic applications. The synthesized EMLE graphene quality, the mechanical properties, the functional group interactions and the conductivity of bioplastic composites, respectively, were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, Universal Testing Machine (UTM) via ASTM D882-92, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Multitester via Four Probe Method. Raman spectroscopy analyses revealed that the graphene used is multi layer graphene (~ 3-10 layer) with deffects and minor impurity of graphene oxide (EMLE graphene). The tensile strength and the Young’s modulus increased with the increasing of the EMLE graphene content in the composites, while the elongation decreased. The bioplastic synthesized using the 9% EMLE graphene content and the mixing time of 50 minutes exhibited the best mechanical properties with the tensile strength of 4.116 Mpa, the Young’s modulus of 75.476 Mpa, and the elongation of 5.453%. The FTIR spectra indicated that there was a good interactions of EMLE graphene in the bioplastic matrix due to the hydrophylic properties and the secondary bonds between the EMLE graphene and the starch and glycerol plasticizer. The higher amount of graphene added, the higher conductivity of bioplastic would be, and vice versa for the resistivity. The best electrical properties of 1.57 x10−1/ohm.cm (conductivity) and 6.34 ohm.cm (resistivity) was reached by the bioplastic synthesized with addition of 9% EMLE graphene and 50 minutes stirring time. EMLE Graphene is the promissing filler for further development of Tapioca based conductive bioplastics.

Highlights

Plastics play an important role in human life, ranging from simple needs to complex and sophisticated needs
2.1 Synthesis of electrochemical-mechanical liquid exfoliation (EMLE) graphene The electrochemical-mechanical liquid exfoliated (EMLE) Graphene made via electrochemical process of graphite rod of 2B pencil continued by the mechanical liquid turbulence shear exfoliation
The conductive composites of tapioca based bioplastic and the electrochemical-mechanical liquid exfoliation (EMLE) graphene have been successfully synthesized via the solution intercalation method

Summary

Introduction

Plastics play an important role in human life, ranging from simple needs to complex and sophisticated needs. Conventional plastics that are still used today are derived from synthetic polymeric materials made from petroleum or natural gas whose feedstocks are increasingly limited and non-renewable as well as difficult to recycle and nondegradable This can lead to the environmental pollution [2]. Graphene has unique and superior properties compared to other materials such as high electron mobility reaching 200,000 cm2/Vs, high electrical conductivity (0.96 × 106 Ω-1 cm-1), high thermal conductivity (5000 W/mK), good optical transparency (97.7%), and has a tensile strength of 1 TPa or 200 times harder than steel and 20 times harder than diamond and 130 Gpa stiffness [10]. The remarkable improvement of mechanical and electrical properties accompanied by the low cost and environmentally friendly in the synthesis process, make this bioplastic-graphene conductive composite is very promising to be explored further for industrial scale

Experimental

Raman spectroscopy analysis

Conclusions