Conditions promoting stability of solventogenesis or culture degeneration in continuous fermentations of Clostridium acetobutylicum

Abstract

The stability of solvent production by Clostridium acetobutylicum has been studied in continuous single-stage and two-stage fermentations. At low dilution rates, metabolic oscillations resulting from product inhibition have been observed especially in the case of fermentations controlled by product accumulation. A second type of instability also observed in product-controlled fermentations, but not in fermentations controlled by nitrogen limitation, was a long-term metabolic drift towards acid production. This acid drift has been shown to be identical to the phenomenon of culture degeneration occurring upon subculturing in batch fermentation. In addition, it was found that acid drift could be reversed by decreases in pH, temperature and dilution rate, by growth limitation in nitrogen-deficient conditions and by the addition of butyric and acetic acids. The existence of two distinct mechanisms, a short-term control (shift) and a long-term control (drift), both triggered by the same physiological conditions, is proposed in the regulation of acid and solvent production.