Abstract
Concurrence of talaromycosis, an infection caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Talaromyces marneffei and Kaposi sarcoma, a common vascular tumor, is a rare but severe medical condition in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite poor outcomes, the clinical characteristics and management strategies for HIV-infected patients with comorbid Kaposi sarcoma and talaromycosis have not been well documented. A 33-year-old HIV-positive male patient presented to the Department of Infectious Diseases at Wenzhou Central Hospital with cough, sputum expectoration, hemoptysis, rashes on the feet and violaceous plaques in the oral cavity. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral nodules, patchy shadows and lymphadenectasis. Skin biopsy and histopathological examination indicated Kaposi sarcoma. T. marneffei was isolated from blood cultures and suggested talaromycosis. The patient's overall conditions significantly improved following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and chemotherapy for Kaposi sarcoma and antifungal treatment for talaromycosis. Severe medical conditions such as Kaposi sarcoma and talaromycosis may coexist in HIV-infected patients and pose an increased risk of mortality. Etiological diagnosis and treatment are the keys to the successful management of HIV-infected patients with these concurrent conditions.
Highlights
Concurrence of talaromycosis, an opportunistic infection caused by fungal pathogen Talaromyces marneffei and Kaposi sarcoma, the most common neoplasm in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has only been rarely reported
Case presentation: A 33-year-old, HIV-positive male patient presented to the Department of Infectious Diseases at Wenzhou Central Hospital with cough, sputum expectoration, hemoptysis, rashes on the feet and violaceous plaques in the oral cavity
The patient presented significant resolution of symptoms following chemotherapy for Kaposi sarcoma and antifungal treatment for talaromycosis. Severe medical conditions such as Kaposi sarcoma and talaromycosis may coexist in HIVinfected patients, posing a high mortality risk
Summary
Severe medical conditions such as Kaposi sarcoma and talaromycosis may coexist in HIVinfected patients, posing a high mortality risk. Etiological diagnosis and directed treatment are vital for successful management of HIV-infected patients who develop these comorbid diseases
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