Abstract
The increased use of biogenic resources is linked to expectations of “green” economic growth, innovation spurts through biotechnology, development options for rural areas, and an increasingly regenerative resource base that is also climate-neutral. However, for several years the signs for unintentional and unwanted side effects have been increasing. In 2015, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was published at the international level in order to address this problem and deliver a starting point for a comprehensive sustainability criteria evaluation catalogue. Impact indicators to quantify the environmental burden induced by national activities in foreign countries are especially lacking. In this article a comprehensive framework for the evaluation of the sustainability of the bioeconomy, considering key objectives and relevant criteria for environmental, economic, and social sustainability is developed. A special focus is set to the intersection area of the three pillars of sustainability, where the particularly important integrative key objectives and the indicators assigned to them (e.g., resource footprints) apply. This indicator set can be used as a basis for bio-economy monitoring, which uses and produces differently aggregated information on different levels of action, with a focus at the national level but also including global impacts of domestic production and consumption.
Highlights
The increased use of biogenic resources is linked to expectations of “green” economic growth, innovation spurts through biotechnology, development options for rural areas, and an increasingly regenerative resource base that is climate-neutral
Evaluation of the Resource Footprints based on Sustainability Criteria 3.5
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Summary
The increased use of biogenic resources is linked to expectations of “green” economic growth, innovation spurts through biotechnology, development options for rural areas, and an increasingly regenerative resource base that is climate-neutral. According to the definition of the “German Bio-economy Council”, the bioeconomy comprises “the production and use of biological resources (including knowledge) in order to provide products, processes, and services in all economic sectors within the framework of a sustainable economic system” [1]. In 2010, the German National Research Strategy on Bio-Economy 2030 was released [2]. In 2014, this framework was extended to become the National Policy Strategy on Bioeconomy and supplemented by industrial and energy policy, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, as well as climate and environmental policy [3]. The new main strategy will focus on the sustainable shaping of agricultural and silvicultural production along with innovative and bio-based alternatives to existing production processes. Paying attention to global markets and trading relations as a condition for bioeconomy, cooperation across national borders is seen as another focal point
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