Abstract

This study aims to provide established knowledge of the multi-dimensional concept of energy security through engaging stakeholders and experts. Energy security policy implications have been suggested in this study to address and mitigate energy security challenges. A total of seven emerging themes from semi-structured interviews have been discussed in-depth to understand the role of each theme and their interactions with energy policies. There is an urgent need to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and to look for alternative fuel options from renewable sources. At the same time, energy-efficient technology plays a significant role in improving overall efficiency and leading to reduced wastage of energy. This would, in turn, improve the availability and affordability of energy in Malaysia. Energy equity gets the most emphasis in the energy trilemma of Malaysia; however, equal importance should be attached to the nation’s energy security alongside environmental sustainability. The final decision of the trilemma balance and the energy policies that govern the energy use framework depends on the ministries and the regulatory bodies. An indicator mapping process has been recommended for these themes to quantify energy security by developing an energy security index. The thematic results discussed in this study have the potential to facilitate policymakers and energy analysts of countries with similar energy outlooks to design data-driven energy security policies.

Highlights

  • The aim for developing nations has always been to obtain energy resources at an affordable price with supply security while ensuring minimal environmental impacts [1].Kumary and Tewary (2021) [2] have mentioned that the world is striving towards the use of cleaner energy resources to achieve energy security (ES) which is often disrupted by the rise in the population [3] and by unprecedented urban development

  • The survey in this research was used as a pilot study that builds up towards the semistructured interviews (SSI) conducted with stakeholders

  • The results suggest that the strength of RE in Malaysia lies within the strong national energy policies, including the RE policies and the green technology policies to strengthen the share of RE as major fuel in both total primary energy supply (TPES) and electricity generation

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Summary

Introduction

The aim for developing nations has always been to obtain energy resources at an affordable price with supply security while ensuring minimal environmental impacts [1]. Kumary and Tewary (2021) [2] have mentioned that the world is striving towards the use of cleaner energy resources to achieve energy security (ES) which is often disrupted by the rise in the population [3] and by unprecedented urban development. ES is a multidimensional phenomenon that can be conceptualised based on several factors, such as the energy demand pattern, export or import-dependencies [4], the geopolitics of resources, the energy policy structure of a nation, etc. Sustainability 2021, 13, 12027 security issue, plays a key role in the national security of any nation.

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