Abstract
Thermochemical processes use heat and series of endothermic chemical reactions that achieve thermal cracking and convert a wide range of solid waste deposits via four thermochemical processes to hydrocarbon gaseous and liquid products such as syngas, gasoline, and diesel. The four thermochemical reactions investigated in this research article are: incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). The mentioned thermochemical processes are evaluated for energy recovery pathways and environmental footprint based on conceptual design and Aspen HYSYS energy simulation. This paper also provides conceptual process design for four thermochemical processes as well as process evaluation and techno-economic analysis (TEA) including energy consumption, process optimization, product yield calculations, electricity generation and expected net revenue per tonne of feedstock. The techno-economic analysis provides results for large scale thermochemical process technologies at an industrial level and key performance indicators (KPIs) including greenhouse gaseous emissions, capital and operational costs per tonne, electrical generation per tonne for the four mentioned thermochemical processes.
Highlights
Global solid waste deposits exceed 2.01 billion tonnes including industrial/commercial waste, combustible and non-combustible solid waste, household waste, e-waste, composts, and solid waste generated by medical facilities [1]
The results show that incineration requires the highest capital cost and is 13% and 44% higher compared to pyrolysis and gasification, respectively
The data flow and used approach used for techno-economic analysis is illustrated in Figure 9 as below
Summary
Global solid waste deposits exceed 2.01 billion tonnes including industrial/commercial waste, combustible and non-combustible solid waste, household waste, e-waste, composts, and solid waste generated by medical facilities [1]. Landfilling is considered an environmental polluting practice and contributes to a large release of methane gas in great quantities due to bioprocessing of organic materials in landfills Countries such as Sweden imposed a landfilling tax and have eliminated clable materials in manufacturing and usage of reusable materials. Pyrolysis is carried inert conditionsofand is the recycling most recommended usage of plastic, paper, composts, and theinimplementation internal systems in thermoc process conversion of solid waste to hydrocarbon liquid andstrategy gaseousisfuels. The second most recommended waste management pyrolysis is the thermal cracking inand inertcomposite conditionsmaterials to gaseous and liquid fuels solid waste mechanical recycling of paper, plastics, to produce operating temperatures betweenMechanical. The third recommended waste management strategy is thermochemical treatment processes including incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification. Pyrolysis is carried in inert conditions and is the most recommended thermochemical process for conversion of solid waste to hydrocarbon liquid and gaseous fuels. The Claus process is used to desulfurize and eliminate syngas impurities prior syngas turbine to reduce gaseous emissions during combustion including sulfur dioxide, particulates, mercury, and carbon dioxide [24,25]
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