Abstract
Hyperloop is envisioned as a novel transportation way with merits of ultra-high velocity and great traveling comforts. In this paper, we present some concepts on the key technologies dedicated to the train-to-ground communication system based on some prevailing fifth-generation communication (5G) technologies from three aspects: wireless channel, network architecture, and resource management. First, we characterize the wireless channel of the distributed antenna system (DAS) using the propagation-graph channel modelling theory. Simulation reveals that a drastic Doppler shift variation appears when crossing the trackside antenna. Hence, the leaky waveguide system is a promising way to provide a stable receiving signal. In this regard, the radio coverage is briefly estimated. Second, a cloud architecture is utilized to integrate several successive trackside leaky waveguides into a logical cell to reduce the handover frequency. Moreover, based on a many-to-many mapping relationship between distributed units (DUs) and centralized units (CUs), a novel access network architecture is proposed to reduce the inevitable handover cost by using the graph theory. Simulation results show that this scheme can yield a low handover cost. Then, with regards to the ultra-reliable and low latency communication (uRLLC) traffic, a physical resource block (PRB) multiplexing scheme considering the latency requirements of each traffic type is exploited. Simulation presents that this scheme can maximize the throughput of non-critical mission communication services while guaranteeing the requirements of uRLLC traffic. Finally, in terms of the non-critical mission communication services, two cache-based resource management strategies are proposed to boost the throughput and reduce the midhaul link burden by pre-fetching and post-uploading schemes. Simulation demonstrates that the cache-based schemes can boost the throughput dramatically.
Highlights
From the development of China’s high-speed railway (HSR), it can be learned that high velocity brings about a number of benefits and merits such as shortening the travel time and helping establish socioeconomically balanced societies [1,2]
We propose a train-to-ground communication system solution dedicated to the Hyperloop, which mainly involves wireless channel, network architecture, multiplexing scheme of the physical resources, and the on-board passengers’ Internet resources management
Based on the above analysis, it can be learned that current mobile communication systems such as the Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) and Long Term Evolution-Railway (LTE-R) are incapable of dealing with train-to-ground communication challenges of the Hyperloop
Summary
From the development of China’s high-speed railway (HSR), it can be learned that high velocity brings about a number of benefits and merits such as shortening the travel time and helping establish socioeconomically balanced societies [1,2]. In terms of the network architecture, literature [16] and [17] proposed a novel baseband unit-to-remote radio unit (BBU-RRU) mapping relationship in the criss-cross railway lines for HSRs and presented an optimal baseband units (BBUs) pool selection algorithm This scheme dedicated to the Hyperloop leads to a high equipment expenditure. We aim to propose a wireless communication solution that can provide a reliable connection train-to-ground link from several important communication procedures It should be compatible with existing public mobile cellular communication systems to reduce the equipment expenditure and to use mature and low-cost off-the-shelf technologies based on the previous work. HSR uRLLC ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication eMBB enhanced Mobile Broadband
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