Concept and main measures for ecological rehabilitation of small rivers and adjacent territories of cities

Abstract

The study of methods and tools for the ecological rehabilitation of water bodies continues to be an urgent area of research in the water sector. Ecological rehabilitation is always based on scientific approaches in the field of methodology of ecological rehabilitation of water bodies, on the basis of which methods are being developed to select priority actions aimed at ecological rehabilitation of lakes, reservoirs, rivers and swamps. This article attempts to formulate the main such approaches from the point of view of environmental safety of water bodies in conditions of intense anthropogenic impact. The Chermyanka river was chosen as the object of research. The article carried out a comparative analysis of the already reconstructed part of the water body and the technical solutions applied on its territory, and the part of the object that is just being prepared for rehabilitation work. The causes of degradation of the ecological state of the water body are established, the main factors and sources of anthropogenic impact are identified, taking into account the role of polluted surface runoff from catchment areas. The climatic and geological conditions of the object of study are analyzed. The article concludes that small rivers on the territory of Moscow in the prevailing majority of cases are not exclusively a water body, but are part of various specially protected natural territories. In this regard, these objects and all changes occurring in them should be considered only in the context of the interaction of a water body with other components of the natural environment and anthropogenic factors. The quality of existing measures for the ecological rehabilitation of the Chermyanka river section was also analyzed. Recommendations are given on improving the effectiveness of measures to ensure a satisfactory geoecological condition of small rivers and a unified methodological concept of geoecological rehabilitation of natural territories has been developed.