Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles exposed to crude oil contaminated water

Abstract

The concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles exposed to crude oil using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A total of 180 juvenile catfish of weight ranging from 7.5-8.3g (7.993 ±0.98g) and length 9.3-10.1cm (9.7 ± 0.72cm) were exposed to crude oil of varying concentrations 0.0% - 1.0% (labelled TA-TF, respectively) of crude oil for 480 h. The highest temperature value (25.25 °C) was recorded in the TF, while the highest level of dissolved oxygen was recorded in the TA (6.0 mg/l). pH values ranged from neutral (7.0) in the control to slightly alkaline (7.4 – 8.0) in the various treatment media. Significantly different (P<0.05) concentrations of PAHs were obtained with the highest level of PAHs (10.754 µg/kg) in fish from TF. The overall results showed that crude oil in the aquatic environment has negative effects on fish fauna. Fishes in oil-polluted water can accumulate PAHs in their flesh and organs; therefore, it is not advisable to consume fish from such a contaminated environment due to the high health risk associated. Regular investigation of oil-producing areas for environmental contaminants and prompt remediation of polluted areas by the authority are recommended.