Computer‐Assisted Language Testing

Abstract

Technological advancements that occurred since the late 1980s have revolutionized many aspects of human life including second language (L2) education. Language learners and teachers are now presented with a plethora of technology‐enhanced instructional materials and resources varying from simple electronic dictionaries to full‐fledged online language programs. The ubiquity of technology has also affected language assessment and engendered the field of computer‐assisted language testing (CALT), dedicated to exploring how computers and technology can be utilized for evaluating different language skills of non‐native speakers. Computers have had a significant impact on language testing. First, Web‐based L2 tests have created new opportunities for measuring the L2 proficiency of multiple students anywhere in the world without a need for them to be physically present at a language test center. In addition, progress in natural language processing (NLP) techniques have made it possible for test takers to receive immediate assessment of their L2 abilities. Technological advances have also resulted in the development of more secure and reliable language tests. Nowadays one can either choose from a variety of computer‐based language tests designed for different groups of users and different purposes or develop customized language assessment using available tools and applications. However, even though technology appears to have promising potential for language testing, its use is not without challenges and problems. This chapter begins with a brief introduction of the field and presents a framework for the description of computer‐assisted language tests. Next, it includes a description of major existing language tests and platforms for test development and delivery. The following discussion focuses on the principal recent developments in CALT and reports on the main trends in research. The last section of the chapter concludes by outlining the key challenges and future directions for CALT.