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Abstract
Objective. It is to study the application of edge correction algorithm (ECA) in computed tomography (CT) medical image segmentation, explore its guiding significance in the analysis of clinical characteristics of children with refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae (RMPP), and discuss the therapeutic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for RMPP. Methods. The accuracy of ECA in CT medical image segmentation of children with RMPP was compared with that of the watershed segmentation algorithm (WSA) and swarm intelligence optimization algorithm (SIOA). The clinical characteristics and the imaging characteristics of 80 children with RMPP admitted to hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed based on the ECA. All children were divided into a lavage group (BAL group, n = 69) and a nonlavage group (non-BAL group, n = 11) according to whether fiberoptic bronchoscopy and BAL were performed. Bronchoscopy was adopted to analyze the cytological characteristics of BAL fluid (BALF) in children, and the recovery rate and the total effective rate of the two groups of children were observed and compared. Results. The overall accuracies (OAs) of the three ECAs (Roberts operator (RO), Sobel operator (SO), and Prewitt operator (PO)) were higher than that of WSA and SIOA, their false negative rate (FNR) and false positive rate (FPR) were small, and their denoising performance was superior to that of WSA and SIOA. The main clinical manifestations of all children were high fever, irritating dry cough, and few early signs. The results of chest CT examination were mainly manifested as patchy or large-scale consolidation, two lung mesh or small nodular shadows, and atelectasis. 69 cases with fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed swelling and congestion of the bronchial mucosa at the lesion site with visible viscous secretions, which was consistent with the imaging changes. The total number of cells in the BALF of children increased ( P < 0.05 ), which mainly represented the increase of neutrophils ( P < 0.05 ). The recovery rate of children with lavage (81.16%) was higher dramatically than that of the nonlavage group (45.45%). Conclusion. The ECA had good accuracy and denoising performance in lung CT image segmentation. The clinical characteristics, imaging characteristics, and cytological components of children had changed when they suffered from the RMPP, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy lavage had a therapeutic effect on it.
Highlights
Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) is one of the most common pathogens that causes community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children [1]
Comparison of Lung computed tomography (CT) Image Segmentation Parameters with Different Algorithms. e analysis results of lung CT image segmentation parameters with different algorithms were shown in Figures 2 and 3. e overall accuracies (OAs), false positive rate (FPR), and false negative rate (FNR) of the RO were 0.935, 0.0427, and 0.0465, respectively. e OA, FPR, and FNR of the SO were 0.0.931, 0.0453, and 0.0472, respectively; these three indicators of the PO were 0.925, 0.0495, and 0.0478, respectively, those of watershed segmentation algorithm (WSA) were 0.855, 0.0892, and 0.0875, respectively, and those of OA, FPR, and FNR of swarm intelligence optimization algorithm (SIOA) were 0.847, 0.1140, and 0.0752, respectively
Comparison of Lung CT Image Segmentation in Denoising Performance of Different Algorithms. e lung CT image segmentations with different algorithms were compared in terms of denoising performance, and the results were shown in Figure 4. e peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the edge preservation index (E) of RO were 27.916 and 0.945, respectively; the PSNR and E of SO were 27.855 and 0.95, respectively; the PSNR and E of PO were 27.796 and 0.944; the PSNRs of WSA and SIOA were 26.554 and 26.871, respectively; and the Es of WSA and SIOA were 0.955 and 0.945, respectively
Summary
Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) is one of the most common pathogens that causes community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children [1]. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is generally considered to be a self-limiting disease, it can sometimes cause various pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications, such as bronchiolitis obliterans, necrotizing pneumonia, encephalitis, arthritis, pericarditis, hemolytic anemia, and the development of severe life-threatening pneumonia [2]. Macrolide antibiotic treatment lasts for 7 days or longer, but there are still some cases showing clinical and radiological deterioration, which is defined as RMPP [3]. The application of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatrics has been developed, which has hugely improved the diagnosis of pediatric respiratory diseases. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy has become one of the important methods for the diagnosis of RMPP. It is generally found that RMPP has certain characteristics under the microscope [4]
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