Computed tomography-assisted management of splenic trauma

Abstract

Background In patients who have suffered an injury to the spleen, preservation of the organ is of the utmost importance. To assist in management, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) has been used. We reviewed our experience with a protocol for nonoperative management of splenic trauma based on CT grading of the injury. Methods: During the initial period of the study, 50 CT examinations for blunt abdominal trauma in adults were reviewed by staff radiologists for evidence of splenic injury. The radiologists, blinded to clinical management decisions, graded the CT studies as “A” if there was a subcapsular hematoma or capsular disruption, “B” if there was a parenchymal injury not extending into the hilum, or “C” if there was deep laceration of fracture of the hilum. Following confirmation of the accuracy and reproducibility of the grading scale, the splenic trauma management protocol was instituted, in which nonhilar injuries were managed nonoperatively. Results In the initial assessment, patients managed nonoperatively had shorter hospital stays and received fewer blood transfusions than those undergoing operation. Among 30 patients subsequently enrolled in the protocol, those treated nonoperatively remained in the hospital for fewer days than those treated surgically. Again, fewer units of blood and platelets were used in the nonoperative group. Institution of the protocol decreased the incidence of celiotomy. Conclusions The severity of splenic trauma evident on CT staging guides safe nonoperative management. Patients not suffering injury to the splenic hilum (A and B scores) can be managed without operation, resulting in shorter hospital stays and fewer blood products used.