Abstract
The intramolecular carbene-carbonyl coupling has been investigated for the simple M(CH2)(CO)3 (M = Co, Rh, Ir) radical complexes at the DFT PBEPBE/TZVP level of theory. The coupling is predicted to be very fast for the cobalt-containing system, but it is still feasible for the systems based on the other two metals. The back-way reaction, that is, the conversion of the ketene complex into carbonyl-carbene complex, cannot be excluded from the Ir-containing system in CH2Cl2, and it is even favored in gas phase. The intermolecular ketene formation by the addition of external CO onto the CH2 moiety is the favored pathway for the Ir-complex. The Laplacian distribution, as well as the natural spin density distribution of all the species, being involved in the reaction, gives explanation for the significant difference between the nature of the Co-complex and the Rh- and Ir-systems.
Highlights
Ketenes belong to the first generation of reactive intermediates [1], along with carbenes, radicals, carbocations, and carbanions [2], and are intensively studied members of the cumulene family, with a wide variety of synthetic applications [3,4,5,6]
The main goal of this study is to further explore computationally the reactivity of simple carbonyl carbene radicals, which have already proven their applicability in the carbonylation of ethyl diazoacetate [8]
All the three coordinatively unsaturated ketene complexes possess one carbonyl group lying in the H2C–M–CO plane and one CO ligand almost perpendicular to it
Summary
Ketenes belong to the first generation of reactive intermediates [1], along with carbenes, radicals, carbocations, and carbanions [2], and are intensively studied members of the cumulene family, with a wide variety of synthetic applications [3,4,5,6]. De Bruin and coworkers have reported various transition metal carbene radicals of the cobalt group, with catalytic applications, such as cyclopropanation [11, 12], carbonylation [13], and selective carboncarbon bond formation by coupling of Ir-ethene complexes with Ir-carbenoid radicals [14].
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