Computational study on complex wave hydrodynamics of multidirectional extreme waves at fringing reef

Abstract

Due to the special topography of coral reefs, most of the energy of incoming waves can be reduced through the wave breakings at the reef edge, thus playing a vital role in protecting the coastal regions behind coral reefs. In severe weather conditions, wind-generated waves tend to propagate in multiple directions in real ocean environment. The abrupt multidirectional wave-focusing mechanisms may result in the formation of huge waves in both deep and shallow waters, threatening the safety of coastal infrastructures and well-being of coastal communities at the reef islands. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly examine the complex hydrodynamics of multidirectional extreme waves at the fringing reefs. Previous studies on reef wave hydrodynamics predominantly focus on unidirectional waves. Only a small number of studies have considered the wave hydrodynamics of fringing reefs under multidirectional waves, let alone multidirectional extreme waves. To address the knowledge gap in previous studies, this study analyzes the complex hydrodynamic processes of multidirectional extreme waves at the fringing reef by applying a nonhydrostatic numerical wave model (NHWAVE). Influences of several key factors are analyzed, such as significant wave height, peak wave period, water depth, incident wave angle, and reef topography. It is expected that the research findings of this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the hydrodynamics of multidirectional extreme waves at the fringing reef.