Abstract
Geminiviridae is a large family of circular, single stranded DNA viruses, which infects and causes devastating diseases on economically important crops. They are subdivided into nine genera. Members of the genus begomovirus encode a pathogenic protein called AC2/C2 which interacts that inactivates many plant proteins and trans-activates a number of host genes via the C-terminal transactivation domain. Hence, a sequence analysis on C-terminal region of AC2/C2 was completed. Analysis of 124 bipartite and 463 mono partite begomo viral AC2/C2 proteins revealed major differences in protein length, composition and position of acidic, aromatic and hydrophobic residues. Secondary structure analysis of AC2/C2 revealed the possible formation of C-terminal α-helix, which is similar to the acidic activation domain of many transcriptional activator proteins. Previous studies demonstrated that AC2 utilizes conserved late element (CLE) for the transactivation of viral genes and genome-wide mapping of same consensus in A. thaliana yielded 122 promoters with exact CLE consensus sequence. Analysis of protein interaction network for 106 CLE containing genes, 87 AC2 trans activated genes and 10 AC2 interacting proteins revealed a possible regulation of hundreds of host proteins which helps begomoviruses to produce a successful viral infection.
Highlights
Geminiviridae is a large family of plant infecting viruses, which has characteristic twinned-icosahedral particles
In order to understand and study the AC2/C2 in detailed manner, various isolates of begomoviruses were identified from ICTV website and the begomoviralAC2/C2 protein sequences of different geographical isolates were downloaded from NCBI protein server for multiple sequence alignment studies
Further deep analysis on the N-terminal end of AC2/C2 has revealed more of basic and other conserved cysteine residues, which are opposite to the C-terminal region bearing more number of hydrophobic residues
Summary
Geminiviridae is a large family of plant infecting viruses, which has characteristic twinned-icosahedral particles. They produce devastating diseases in many economically important crops and cause more than 95% yield loss [1]. They were classified into nine genera based on their genome organization and the type of insect vector involved in their dispersal [2]. Begomoviruses can be either monopartite (having a circular single stranded DNA (ssDNA)) or bipartite (having two equal size circular ssDNA known as DNA A and B) with varying genome size ranging from 2.5 to 5.2 kb They replicate inside the plant nucleus via rolling circle replication (RCR) [3]. DNA Bencodes nuclear shuttle protein (NSP or BV1), Movement protein (MP or BC1) and both are exclusively
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