Abstract
Fill factor (FF) deficit and stability is a primary concern and challenge with the perovskite solar cell. The band alignment and resistance at the junction interface further decreases the fill factor and thus limits the performance of the device. Moreover, degradation of the intrinsic properties of the upcoming perovskite material such as methylammonium lead halide on exposure to ambience or moisture creates instability and decreases the shelf life of the device. To overcome all these challenges, we have engineered the device structure and introduces an earth-abundant material in the primitive perovskite structure by introducing an inorganic hole transport layer (HTL). It was observed from the calculation that the FF is sensitive to the band offset values. Moreover, the band alignment/band offset role and effect at the Perovskite/HTL junction were investigated. It is evident from the calculation that the inorganic material replacing Spiro-MeOTAD can enhance the stability of the device by providing insulation from ambient. The efficiency of SnS and spiro-MeOTAD were found to be comparable in the present work and thus the shelf life and moisture sensitivity challenge of the perovskite solar cell is addressed. Moreover, this work paves the way for earth-abundant p-type chalcogenides tin selenide (SnS) as a HTL layer in the perovskite solar cell.
Highlights
Terawatt scale perennial supply of pollution-free energy at a competitive cost is a necessity and demand for sustainable growth
Page 7 of 15 511 suitable reason for the low recombination at slightly positive valence band offset is found to be the low value of ∆, which is the energy difference EC Perovskites -EV hole transport layer (HTL)
PbS and F eS2 which shows a low efficiency of 11.1% and 10.9% due to a large negative valence band offset (VBO) at HTL/perovskite junction, CIGS and CZTS have a moderate value of efficiency of 16.5% and 18.4% respectively and had a positive VBO of 0.25 and 0.15 eV
Summary
Terawatt scale perennial supply of pollution-free energy at a competitive cost is a necessity and demand for sustainable growth. The small shelf life of the perovskite materials and sensitivity to ambience conditions such as moisture, temperature and photosensitivity remains a hindrance to its path for industrial production (Wang et al 2016; Hwang et al 2015). Organic material such as MA (methylammonium), is used for device fabrication in perovskite solar cell and is extremely sensitive to water or humidity and gets degraded upon exposure. To discuss and gain some insight into the feasibility of inorganic HTL here, we performed a simulation study with an inorganic hole transport layer in perovskite
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