Abstract
The growth of industrialization and development of urban life made an increase in demand for cement, concrete and bricks. Exploitation on the non-renewable natural resources for raw materials will keep increased in order to meet the demands for construction materials. At the same time, the problems regarding the agricultural crop wastes such as rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, palm oil fuel waste and elephant grass has become an important issue nowadays. Consequently, there are many researchers who have been studying the viability of using these agricultural wastes as construction materials to meet the industry demands in order to decrease the current use of non-renewable natural resources. This paper reviewing on how agricultural waste could be utilized as replacement materials for construction activities from various researchers. The idea of using agricultural crop wastes was promoted by studying upon their engineering properties. This paper focusing on the compressive strength of the construction materials containing agricultural crop wastes, which was the common parameter considered by most researcher as required by various standards.
Highlights
The world's demand for cement until the first half of the 21st century is expected to increase by about 2.5–5.8% every year [1]
The agricultural crop waste materials discussed in this paper were rice husk, elephant grass (Pennisetum Purpureum), sugarcane bagasse, and palm oil fuel wastes, as detailed below
The results showed no changes in compressive strength, Young’s modulus and water absorption rate of concrete containing 20% of Pennisetum Purpureum ash when compared to control sample and proved that the pozzolanic activity of Pennisetum Purpureum ash maintained the mechanical properties of concrete
Summary
The world's demand for cement until the first half of the 21st century is expected to increase by about 2.5–5.8% every year [1]. The cement and concrete productions has been an environmental issue since this industry contributed about 7% of carbon dioxide emission worldwide along with great consumption of energy and aggregate amount [2]. Recycling the agricultural wastes will decrease the exploitation on natural resources, contributes to energy saving, and a reduction in the cost of construction materials but still can meet the current demands. It solves the disposal problem of the wastes which saves landfill space, and helps environmental protection [5, 6]
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