Compressive stochastic subspace identification: A modal parameter identification method suitable for compressive sampling

Abstract

Stochastic subspace identification (SSI) and its variants are widely used in conventional structural health monitoring (SHM) owing to their high computation robustness and estimation accuracy. Conventional SHM is based on a Nyquist (high-rate and uniform) sampling dictated by Shannon–Nyquist sampling theorem. As data quantity of SHM is increasing with duration and equipment at an ever-growing rate and new applications of SHM with strict constricts on sampling are emerging one by one, sub-Nyquist sampling, also known as compressive sampling has increasingly been used in SHM in recent years. Therefore, despite the success of SSI method and its algorithmic variants, a significant drawback lies in their handling of sub-Nyquist data. To overcome this drawback, we set out to extend the applicable scenarios of SSI from Nyquist (high-rate/uniform) sampling to sub-Nyquist (low-rate/nonuniform) sampling. In this paper, we propose a compressive stochastic subspace identification (CSSI) which can identify modal parameters from sub-Nyquist/compressed data. Specifically, CSSI involves two aspects: covariance matrix reconstruction and system parameter identification. We find the complete covariance matrix in classic SSI can also be estimated/reconstructed by sub-Nyquist samples. More importantly, this reconstruction can be physically guaranteed through special sampling patterns without sparsity prior. Based on the above findings, we develop a compressed covariance sensing-based covariance matrix reconstruction technique and derive the optimal sub-Nyquist sampling pattern such that the reconstruction is hassle-free and efficient. Then, we perform modal parameter identification on the basis of the reconstructed covariance matrix. Finally, the effectiveness of CSSI is validated by simulations and experiments. In short, CSSI, as a new extension of SSI, can extract modal parameters at lower sampling rates than what is prescribed by the classic SSI. The implication of this is the possibility that CSSI for operational modal analysis will require fewer measurements thus it would reduce the storage requirement and the bandwidth for transmitting data.