Abstract
Long-distance imaging in time-varying scattering media, such as atmosphere, is a significant challenge. Light is often heavily diffused while propagating through scattering media, because of which the clear imaging of objects concealed by media becomes difficult. In this study, instead of suppressing diffusion by multiple scattering, we used natural randomness of wave propagation through atmospheric scattering media as an optimal and instantaneous compressive imaging mechanism. A mathematical model of compressive imaging based on the modulation of atmospheric scattering media was established. By using the Monte Carlo method, the atmospheric modulation matrix was obtained, and the numerical simulation of modulation imaging of atmospheric scattering media was performed. Comparative experiments show that the atmospheric matrix can achieve the same modulation effect as the Hadamard and Gaussian random matrices. The effectiveness of the proposed optical imaging approach was demonstrated experimentally by loading the atmospheric measurement matrix onto a digital micromirror device to perform single pixel compressive sensing measurements. Our work provides a new direction to ongoing research in the field of imaging through scattering media.
Highlights
Imaging through scattering media has important applications in various fields, such as optical remote sensing and automatic driving
We demonstrate that atmospheric scattering media can be used as a digital micromirror device (DMD) for compressive sensing (CS) imaging, and the image can be reconstructed through the iteration of the algorithm
The atmospheric modulation patterns with 32 × 32 units were generated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and loaded onto the DMD, so the unit of the atmospheric modulation patterns displayed onto the DMD were composed of 32 × 32 micromirrors
Summary
Imaging through scattering media has important applications in various fields, such as optical remote sensing and automatic driving. Other researchers have developed anti-scattering media imaging processes based on second-order intensity correlation [3], compressive sensing (CS) [4,5], and the phase-shift method [6,7] These methods of using ballistic photons are limited because the intensity of the non-scattered light decreases exponentially with distance, which makes these methods difficult or infeasible at transmission distances longer than the mean free path of the medium. The effectiveness of the existing methods has not been proved for long-distance transmission and time-varying complex scatter media, such as the atmosphere This application is essential for any optical remote sensing imaging process. It presents the limitations and future scope of the study
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